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Water: an essential but overlooked nutrient

S M Kleiner1

  • 1Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association
|February 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Proper hydration is crucial for health. Chronic mild dehydration, even a 2% body weight loss, impairs function and increases risks for various diseases, highlighting the need for adequate fluid intake.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Water is an essential nutrient vital for human life and physiological functions.
  • Recommended daily fluid intake varies by sex, with men needing approximately 2,900 mL and women 2,200 mL.
  • Surveys suggest a portion of the population may suffer from chronic mild dehydration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the health implications of chronic mild dehydration.
  • To emphasize the role of fluid and water consumption in disease prevention.
  • To encourage dietitians to promote and monitor adequate hydration in clients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and consumption surveys.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to dehydration.
  • Examination of research linking fluid intake to various health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Dehydration as low as 2% body weight loss impairs physiological and performance responses.
  • Adequate fluid intake may reduce the risk of urinary stones, certain cancers, and obesity.
  • Fluid consumption impacts overall health, particularly in the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic mild dehydration poses significant health risks, affecting physiological function and disease susceptibility.
  • Promoting adequate fluid and water intake is essential for public health.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand the impact of chronic mild dehydration on health and disease.

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