[Inter-relationship between allergenic pollens and air pollution]

Morbidity to pollens is increasing in the French population. Pollen is the vector of the male genome of the plant. It is the wind-borne pollens that are the most allergenic by release of allergen molecules that make contact with the mucosae. So every individual who is genetically allergic (atopic) may develop rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis and/or asthma.... More than 200 allergens have been identified, of which the three-dimensional structure is well-known. The urban pollution that is specific to a quarter under consideration (residential zone, pedestrianised, mid-town roadway and industrial zone) plays an important role in morbidity to pollen allergy. A significant coating of pollens is to be found on urban roads. Pollen sensitisation is increased by exposure to pollutants from 24 to 48 hours. The pollutants seem to make the surface of the exine more fragile, so triggering a mucosal reaction, making them more exposed to pollen allergens. The pollutant also plays the role of an adjuvant to the pollen allergen, and so is the origin of a greater production of IgE.