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Related Experiment Videos

A risk characterization for atrazine: oncogenicity profile

J T Stevens1, C B Breckenridge, L Wetzel

  • 1Toxicology, Novartis Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina 27419, USA. james.stevens@cp.novartis.com.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|February 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Atrazine herbicide safety was evaluated in multiple rodent studies. High doses caused mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats by accelerating aging, a response not relevant to humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Atrazine is a widely used chlorotriazine herbicide.
  • Extensive safety data, including oncogenicity studies, are available for atrazine.
  • Rodent models are frequently used to assess herbicide safety and potential carcinogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review oncogenicity studies on atrazine in Sprague-Dawley rats, Fischer 344 rats, and CD-1 mice.
  • To determine the relevance of observed tumor responses to human health.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying potential atrazine-induced carcinogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of five oncogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats, two in Fischer 344 rats, and two in CD-1 mice.
  • Administration of atrazine at maximum tolerated levels for 24 months.

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  • Analysis of tumor incidence and correlation with dose levels and specific rat strains/sexes.

    • Main Results:

    • No increased tumor incidence in Fischer 344 rats, CD-1 mice, or male Sprague-Dawley rats.
    • Increased incidence and earlier onset of mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats at high atrazine doses (≥70 ppm).
    • No increased tumors in ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting an endocrine-mediated mechanism.

    Conclusions:

    • The mammary tumor response in female Sprague-Dawley rats is linked to accelerated reproductive aging and hormonal changes (estrogen, prolactin).
    • This response is specific to the Sprague-Dawley rat strain, sex, and mammary tissue.
    • The observed carcinogenic effect of high-dose atrazine in this specific rat model is not considered biologically relevant to humans.