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Temporal variation in prehistoric Nubian crania

D S Carlson

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nubian populations show remarkable biological continuity over 5,000 years. Craniofacial changes suggest evolutionary development linked to shifts from hunting to agriculture.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physical Anthropology
    • Paleogenetics
    • Bioarchaeology

    Background:

    • Previous research on Sudanese Nubian prehistory often highlighted population discontinuity.
    • Recent studies indicate significant cultural and biological continuity among indigenous Nubian groups, potentially dating back to the Paleolithic era.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document craniofacial morphological variations in Nubian populations across different historical periods (A-Group to Christian).
    • To interpret these craniofacial differences within an evolutionary context, suggesting in situ development.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized multiple discriminant analysis on radiographically derived craniofacial variables.
    • Examined skeletal morphology from Nubian populations spanning approximately 5,000 years.

    Main Results:

    • Observed a trend towards a shorter and taller cranial vault from earlier to later Nubian groups.
    • Noted a progressive inferior and posterior positioning of the face relative to the cranial vault.
    • Documented a reduction and slight relocation of the masseter and temporalis muscles over time.

    Conclusions:

    • Craniofacial and muscular changes in Nubian populations likely represent in situ evolutionary adaptations.
    • These evolutionary trends may correlate with the behavioral shifts from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural subsistence strategy.

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