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Related Experiment Videos

Endothelial cell apoptosis in capillary network remodeling

M J Pollman1, L Naumovski, G H Gibbons

  • 1Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|February 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Apoptosis regulation is key to capillary network structure. Balancing pro- and anti-apoptotic signals determines network stability, influencing blood vessel formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Angiogenesis Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Capillary network formation is crucial for tissue development and repair.
  • The role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in shaping these networks is not fully understood.
  • Endothelial cell behavior is influenced by integrin-matrix interactions and growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of apoptosis in capillary network formation and stability.
  • To determine how integrin signaling and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) affect endothelial cell survival and network structure.
  • To elucidate the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in regulating capillary network architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro models of capillary tube formation with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC).

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  • Manipulated integrin-matrix signaling using colchicine and anti-αvβ3 antibodies.
  • Modulated apoptosis by altering bcl-2 expression and blocking TGF-β1 signaling.
  • Assessed network structure, apoptosis levels, and gene expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Apoptosis was a prominent feature during capillary network formation.
    • Disrupting integrin-matrix signaling increased apoptosis and network dissolution.
    • αvβ3 integrin activation promoted bcl-2 expression and resistance to TGF-β1-induced apoptosis.
    • Inhibiting apoptosis in BAEC prevented network involution, suggesting TGF-β1 mediated this process.
    • Network stability depended on matrix-integrin interactions and the balance of apoptotic signals.

    Conclusions:

    • Capillary network structure is dynamically regulated by the interplay of pro- and anti-apoptotic signals.
    • Integrin and cytokine receptor engagement critically influences endothelial cell survival and network architecture.
    • The balance between apoptosis and survival pathways is a key determinant of stable capillary networks.