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Emerging and resurging vector-borne diseases

N G Gratz

    Annual Review of Entomology
    |February 17, 1999
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New and returning vector-borne diseases are increasing globally. Ecological changes and increased human travel are driving these outbreaks, necessitating a focus on vector control to prevent future epidemics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Ecology

    Background:

    • Arthropod-borne infections have emerged and spread globally over the past 40 years.
    • Diseases like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are of significant public health concern.
    • Long-known vector-borne diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue, and plague are resurging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the factors contributing to the emergence and resurgence of vector-borne diseases.
    • To understand the link between ecological changes, vector populations, and disease transmission.
    • To provide a basis for effective control strategies against these diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological data on arthropod-borne infections.
    • Analysis of ecological changes and their impact on vector populations.

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  • Assessment of the role of human travel in disease spread.

    • Main Results:

    • Ecological changes (e.g., dam construction, urbanization, deforestation) have increased vector densities.
    • Increased human travel facilitates the geographic spread of infectious agents.
    • New diseases and resurgent old diseases are linked to altered vector populations.

    Conclusions:

    • Ecological shifts and increased global travel are primary drivers of emerging and resurging vector-borne diseases.
    • Understanding factors influencing vector density is crucial for disease prevention.
    • Effective control strategies must address ecological changes and human mobility.