Pathogens and predators of ticks and their potential in biological control

This review summarizes the literature about pathogens and predators of ticks and their potential use as biocontrol agents published since the beginning of this century. In nature, many bacteria, fungi, spiders, ants, beetles, rodents, birds, and other living things contribute significantly toward limiting tick populations, as do, for instance, the grooming activities of hosts. Experiments with the most promising potential tick biocontrol agents--especially fungi of the genera Beauveria and Metarhizium and nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, as well as oxpeckers--are described.