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Assessment of immunochromatographic test for rapid lymphatic filariasis diagnosis
N L Nguyen1, C Plichart, P Esterre
1Immunology Unit, Institut Territorial de Recherches Médicales Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
Insights
Two rapid immunodiagnostic tests (ICT) for Wuchereria bancrofti infection show excellent agreement but slightly lower sensitivity than ELISA. These tests are useful for diagnosing lymphatic filariasis in diverse field settings.
Area of Science:
- Medical diagnostics
- Parasitology
- Tropical medicine
Background:
- Lymphatic filariasis affects millions globally, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
- Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are crucial for disease control and management.
- Current diagnostic methods have limitations in sensitivity and accessibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate two rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for Wuchereria bancrofti diagnosis.
- To assess the performance of ICT Filariasis tests in diverse South Pacific lymphatic filariasis foci.
- To compare ICT performance against reference assays and microfilariae detection.
Main Methods:
- Validation of two ICT Filariasis tests (serum and whole blood) in laboratory and field settings.
- Testing 1,595 patients across three South Pacific foci with varying endemicity levels.
- Parallel testing with a reference Og4C3 antigen capture assay and microfilariae detection.
Main Results:
- Excellent correspondence was observed between the two ICT Filariasis tests.
- ICT tests demonstrated slightly lower sensitivity compared to the ELISA reference assay.
- Performance was particularly impacted in amicrofilaraemic carriers, a common issue in some endemic areas.
Conclusions:
- Rapid ICT Filariasis tests are valuable diagnostic tools for Wuchereria bancrofti infection.
- While sensitive, ICT tests may underperform in specific epidemiological contexts like amicrofilaraemic carriers.
- Further refinement may enhance ICT sensitivity for comprehensive lymphatic filariasis diagnosis.
Abstract:
Two rapid immunodiagnostic tests (ICT Filariasis test), developed for the quick diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection, have been validated in laboratory and field situation. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and usefulness of this antigen capture assay as a diagnostic method in three foci of lymphatic filariasis, located in the South Pacific (Society archipelago, French Polynesia), with different levels of endemicity. A sample of 1,595 patients was tested with this assay in parallel with a reference Og4C3 antigen capture assay and microfilariae detection. A second-generation ICT test, available for whole blood analysis, was also tested in parallel with the first generation test, developed for serum analysis, on a sample of 50 reference cases. The correspondence between the results obtained with the two rapid tests was excellent, without any influence of rheumatoid factors, but the sensitivity was in both cases slightly inferior to the one obtained with the ELISA reference test. This seems particularly true in epidemiological situation where a high proportion of amicrofilaraemic, adult worm carriers are observed.
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