Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Th1 and Th2 cells

C Dong1, R A Flavell

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|January 4, 2001
PubMed

Insights

This review covers how CD4 helper T (Th) cells become Th1 or Th2 types, influencing immune responses. It details co-stimulatory signals, chemokine homing, and transcription factors regulating their distinct cytokine production.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD4 helper T (Th) cells are crucial immune regulators.
  • Upon activation, Th cells differentiate into distinct Th1 and Th2 effector subsets.
  • These subsets mediate different types of immune responses through unique cytokine profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation.
  • To explore the roles of co-stimulatory regulation and chemokine-mediated homing in Th cell subsets.
  • To discuss transcription factors and signaling pathways governing cytokine gene expression in Th1 and Th2 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific progress.
  • Analysis of co-stimulatory signals and chemokine interactions.
  • Examination of transcription factors and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Th1 and Th2 cells exhibit distinct features in co-stimulatory regulation and homing.
  • Specific transcription factors and signaling pathways are selectively active in Th1 and Th2 cells.
  • These molecular mechanisms control the differential cytokine gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Co-stimulation and chemokine signaling are key determinants of Th1/Th2 cell function.
  • Understanding these pathways is vital for controlling immune responses.
  • Further research into these regulatory mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies.

More Related Videos

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...