Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Using Eggs from Schistosoma mansoni as an In vivo Model of Helminth-induced Lung Inflammation
09:58

Using Eggs from Schistosoma mansoni as an In vivo Model of Helminth-induced Lung Inflammation

Published on: June 5, 2012

Chemokine expression dynamics in mycobacterial (type-1) and schistosomal (type-2) antigen-elicited pulmonary

B Qiu1, K A Frait, F Reich

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.

The American Journal of Pathology
|April 6, 2001
PubMed

Insights

This study reveals distinct chemokine profiles in mouse lungs during type-1 and type-2 granuloma formation. Cytokine depletions show chemokine expression is regulated by specific cytokines.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Granulomas are key inflammatory structures in response to persistent stimuli.
  • Type-1 and type-2 immune responses involve distinct cytokine profiles and cellular players.
  • Chemokines are crucial for directing immune cell migration to inflammatory sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the transcriptomic profiles of 24 chemokines during type-1 and type-2 granuloma development in mouse lungs.
  • To investigate the temporal expression patterns of chemokines in response to different antigenic challenges.
  • To determine the role of key cytokines, such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in regulating chemokine expression.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of type-1 (mycobacterial antigen) and type-2 (Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen) granulomas in mouse lungs.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR to measure chemokine transcript expression over 8 days.
  • Measurement of chemokine protein levels where feasible.
  • In vivo cytokine depletion experiments using neutralizing antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Bead challenge significantly upregulated 18 of 24 chemokines, with distinct patterns for type-1 and type-2 responses.
  • Chemokines were categorized into type-1-dominant, type-2-dominant, co-dominant, and constitutive expression groups.
  • CXC and some CC chemokines showed early peak expression (1-2 days), while others peaked later.
  • Interferon-gamma neutralization primarily affected monokine induced by gamma-interferon (MIG) expression.
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization led to a significant reduction in various chemokines.

Conclusions:

  • Type-1 and type-2 granulomas exhibit characteristic and distinct chemokine expression profiles.
  • Chemokine expression is temporally regulated and coordinated during granuloma formation.
  • Cytokine-mediated regulation, particularly by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plays a significant role in controlling chemokine profiles.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment09:00

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment

Published on: June 24, 2020

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection10:43

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: September 18, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...