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Immunohistological expression of interleukin 16 in human tonsils
1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany. mkramer@hno.med.uni-muenchen.de
Insights
Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is primarily expressed by CD4+ T cells in human tonsils. This study identifies CD4+ lymphocytes as the main source of IL-16, suggesting a role in B-cell differentiation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Histology
Background:
- Interleukin 16 (IL-16) exhibits chemotactic properties for CD4-bearing cells.
- IL-16 possesses diverse immunomodulatory functions beyond T cell chemotaxis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression patterns of IL-16 within human tonsillar tissues.
- To identify the specific cell types responsible for IL-16 production in tonsils.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistological characterization of tonsillar follicles.
- Utilizing CD markers (CD4, CD22, CD23, CD38, CD68) for cellular identification.
- Double immunostaining to pinpoint IL-16 expressing cells.
Main Results:
- IL-16 expression was predominantly observed in CD4+ T cells, particularly in the extrafollicular space.
- A subset of CD22+ B cells at the mantle zone outer rim also showed IL-16 immunoreactivity.
- Macrophages (CD68+) were concentrated in germinal centers, while plasma cells (CD38+) were extrafollicular and within germinal centers.
Conclusions:
- CD4+ lymphocytes are identified as the primary cellular source of IL-16 in human tonsils.
- The expression pattern suggests activated T cells may be double-positive for CD4 and IL-16.
- The outer mantle zone of B cells expressing IL-16 may be a site for IL-16-mediated B-cell differentiation.
Background:
Interleukin 16 (IL-16) acts highly chemotactic on CD4-bearing cells. Besides chemotaxis, IL-16 has numerous immunomodulatory effects, and not only on T cells.
Objective:
To determine IL-16 expression in human tonsils.
Methods:
Tonsillar follicles were immunohistologically characterized to elicit a possible cellular source of IL-16 expression.
Results:
The mantle zone of immature and mature B cells was CD22 immunoreactive (ir), whereas the germinal center of activated B cells was CD23-ir. Plasma cells that were CD38-ir were observed extrafollicularly beneath the epithelium and within the germinal center. T cells were found most frequently in the extrafollicular space, with a majority of CD4 cells. CD68-ir macrophages were predominantly found within the germinal center. Immunostaining of anti-IL-16 revealed strong cytoplasmatic reactivity of extrafollicular cells and of cells at the outer rim of the mantle zone. Numerous cells adherent to the stratified squamous epithelium were IL-16-ir as well. Double immunostaining identified CD4(+) T cells as the major cellular source of IL-16 expression. Furthermore, a population of CD22(+) B cells at the outer rim of the mantle zone expressed IL-16 as well.
Conclusions:
Interleukin 16 was mainly expressed in a typical CD4-like pattern in human tonsils. Our data strongly suggest that CD4(+) lymphocytes constitute the major cellular source for IL-16. We hypothesize that the double-immunostained CD4-ir and IL-16-ir cells represent activated T cells. Because CD22(+) B cells at the outer rim of the mantle zone expressed IL-16 as well, we conclude that this area might constitute the locus of IL-16-mediated B-cell differentiation.