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Cd1d is expressed on dermal dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
G Gerlini1, H P Hefti, M Kleinhans
1Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Medical School, Zürich, Switzerland.
Insights
Skin dendritic cells express CD1 molecules, including CD1d, crucial for lipid antigen presentation. Culture conditions significantly impact CD1d expression on these cells, affecting potential immunotherapy applications.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dermatology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- CD1 proteins are cell surface molecules essential for presenting lipid antigens to T cells.
- Understanding CD1 expression in skin is vital for investigating immune responses and diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of CD1 molecules, particularly CD1d, on skin dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
- To analyze the impact of culture conditions on CD1d expression.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical analysis of normal human skin.
- Flow cytometry analysis of epidermal/dermal cell suspensions.
- Western blot analysis of microdissected skin sections.
- Culture of monocyte-derived dendritic cells under different conditions.
Main Results:
- CD1d expression in skin is primarily on dermal dendritic cells, mainly perivascular, with no detectable expression on Langerhans cells.
- Dermal dendritic cells express CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d.
- Migrated mature dermal dendritic cells coexpress CD83 and CD1d.
- Monocyte-derived dendritic cells express CD1d when cultured in autologous plasma, but this is downregulated by fetal bovine serum.
Conclusions:
- Skin antigen-presenting cells express diverse CD1 molecules, including CD1d, potentially playing a role in skin diseases.
- Differential CD1 molecule expression based on culture conditions has implications for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
Abstract:
CD1 proteins are a family of cell surface molecules that present lipid antigens to T cells. We investigated skin dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells for expression of CD1 molecules using a panel of 10 different monoclonal antibodies focusing on the recently described CD1d molecule. By immunohistochemical analysis, CD1d expression in normal human skin was restricted to dendritic appearing cells in the papillary dermis mainly located in a perivascular localization. Langerhans cells did not show detectable CD1d expression in situ. Epidermal/dermal cell suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry demonstrated distinct subpopulations of HLA-DR positive dermal dendritic cells expressing CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. CD1d was expressed on HLA-DRbright dermal antigen-presenting cells in dermal suspensions (16% +/- 3.6%), as well as on highly enriched dermal dendritic cells migrating out of skin explants (60.5% +/- 8.0%). Migrated mature dermal dendritic cells coexpressed CD83 and CD1d. Western blot analysis on microdissected skin sections revealed the presence of a 50-55 kDa CD1d molecule in dermis, suggesting that CD1d is highly glycosylated in skin. Both immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells cultured in autologous plasma expressed CD1d molecules. In contrast, culture in fetal bovine serum downregulated CD1d expression. In conclusion, antigen-presenting cells in skin express different sets of CD1 molecules including CD1d and might play a role in lipid antigen presentation in various skin diseases. Differential expression of CD1 molecules depending on culture conditions might have an impact on clinical applications of dendritic cells for immunotherapy.