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Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska
R L Zarnke1, J Evermann, J M Ver Hoef
1Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701-1599, USA. randy_zarnke@fishgame.state.ak.us
Insights
Canine coronavirus exposure in Alaskan wolves (Canis lupus) was studied. Prevalence was higher in spring than autumn, suggesting winter transmission and rapid antibody decay in these wild canids.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Wildlife Epidemiology
Background:
- Canine coronavirus (CCV) is a significant pathogen in domestic dogs.
- Limited data exists on CCV prevalence and transmission dynamics in wild canid populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the seroprevalence of canine coronavirus in wolves (Canis lupus) in Interior Alaska.
- To understand seasonal patterns and potential risk factors associated with CCV exposure in this population.
Main Methods:
- Sera from 425 Alaskan wolves were tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay.
- Sampling occurred across three study areas during spring and autumn collection periods.
- Age cohorts, including pups, were analyzed to assess prevalence variations.
Main Results:
- Overall CCV antibody prevalence was 70% in spring and 25% in autumn.
- Autumn pups (4-5 months) showed 0% prevalence, while spring pups (9-10 months) had 60% prevalence.
- Prevalence varied by study area, with the lowest in the Eastern Interior, and showed a slight annual increase.
Conclusions:
- Wolf populations in Interior Alaska exhibit significant exposure to canine coronavirus.
- Transmission appears to be seasonal, primarily occurring during winter months.
- Rapid antibody decay and infrequent summer reexposure are indicated by the observed prevalence patterns.
Abstract:
Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.
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