Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
09:01

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Published on: March 26, 2018

Multifocal progressive leukoencephalopathy occurring after refractory anemia and multiple infectious disorders

O Hequet1, G Salles, D Espinousse

  • 1Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France. olivier.hequet@chu-lyon.fr

Annals of Hematology
|July 11, 2002
PubMed

Insights

This case study highlights progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient without typical immunosuppression. It suggests T-cell impairment in myelodysplastic disorders may increase PML risk.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, opportunistic infection of the central nervous system caused by the JC virus (JCV).
  • PML typically affects individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with AIDS or hematologic malignancies.

Observation:

  • A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) developed multiple severe infections, including listeriosis, tuberculosis, and PML.
  • Neurological symptoms like ataxia and speech disorders were observed, consistent with PML.
  • Cranial MRI revealed characteristic cerebellar lesions, and JCV DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid via PCR.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced PML despite not having a typically susceptible immune status or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
  • The occurrence of PML followed Listeria and recurrent tuberculosis infections.
  • The case suggests a potential link between T-cell immune response impairment in MDS and the development of PML.

Implications:

  • This case underscores that PML can occur in myelodysplastic disorders even without overt immunosuppression.
  • It supports the hypothesis that underlying T-cell dysfunction in MDS may predispose individuals to opportunistic infections like PML.
  • Further research into immune dysregulation in MDS is warranted to understand and potentially mitigate risks of such infections.

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice05:03

Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice

Published on: April 26, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...