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Cytomegalovirus infection in children with blood diseases

R Rokicka-Milewska1, J Pacholska, K Lukowska

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical Academy, Warsaw.

Acta Haematologica Polonica
|January 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection markers were found in 45.5% of children with leukemia or bone marrow aplasia. Hyperimmune globulin treatment successfully resolved CMV symptoms and cleared the virus.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic pathogen.
  • Children with acute leukemias and bone marrow aplasia are immunocompromised and susceptible to infections.
  • CMV infection can lead to significant morbidity in this patient population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children undergoing treatment for acute leukemias and bone marrow aplasia.
  • To evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of CMV infection in this cohort.
  • To assess the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin therapy for CMV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of CMV antigen using immunofluorescence in urinary sediment and cell cultures.
  • Quantification of IgG and IgM antibody activity against CMV.
  • Clinical assessment of symptoms and signs of CMV infection.
  • Monitoring of viral antigen elimination post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • CMV infection markers were identified in 45.5% of the studied children.
  • Clinical manifestations of CMV infection were observed in 11.7% of patients, including fever, hepatitis, pneumonia, and rash.
  • All children treated with hyperimmune globulin showed regression of symptoms and elimination of CMV antigen from urine.

Conclusions:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is prevalent in pediatric patients with acute leukemias and bone marrow aplasia.
  • Early detection and treatment with hyperimmune globulin are effective in managing CMV infection in this vulnerable group.
  • Hyperimmune globulin therapy can lead to clinical recovery and viral clearance.

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