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Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HLA-DR antigens in herpes keratitis

V M Elner1, S Dutt, M A Pavilack

  • 1W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48105.

Ophthalmology
|September 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is present in human corneal disease, specifically herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. This finding suggests ICAM-1 and HLA-DR co-expression are key in immune responses and leukocyte interactions within the cornea.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in leukocyte adhesion and trafficking during inflammation.
  • ICAM-1 has been observed in cytokine-exposed human corneas but not previously reported in corneal disease.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is a significant cause of corneal disease and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and role of ICAM-1 in human disciform herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis.
  • To determine if ICAM-1 expression is altered in corneal tissue affected by HSV keratitis.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect ICAM-1 expression in five human corneal specimens.
  • Specimens included keratoplasty samples from patients with disciform HSV keratitis and a biopsy from a patient with HSV keratoscleritis.
  • Monoclonal antibodies specific to ICAM-1 were used, with negative controls including antibodies to other adhesion molecules and mouse serum.

Main Results:

  • Intense ICAM-1 immunoreactivity was observed in keratinocytes, stromal keratocytes, and endothelial cells across all five specimens.
  • ICAM-1 expression was predominantly localized to areas of leukocytic infiltration.
  • Diffuse, intense HLA-DR positivity was detected throughout the corneas, and control antibodies showed no reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of ICAM-1 expression in human corneal disease, specifically HSV keratitis.
  • The co-expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR suggests a significant role in the immune response within the cornea during HSV keratitis.
  • Elevated ICAM-1 in leukocyte-infiltrated regions may mediate leukocyte-corneal cell binding, contributing to immune-mediated damage.
Abstract

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