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Expression of activation antigens, HLA-DR and CD38, on CD8 lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection
L Kestens1, G Vanham, P Gigase
1Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Insights
Activation markers human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD38 on CD8+ T-lymphocytes increase with HIV disease progression. These changes in immune cell phenotype correlate with disease stage in HIV infection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection leads to immune system dysregulation.
- CD8+ T-lymphocytes play a crucial role in controlling viral infections.
- Activation markers like HLA-DR and CD38 can indicate T-cell activation and disease state.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression patterns of HLA-DR and CD38 on CD8+ T-lymphocytes in individuals with HIV.
- To compare these expression levels between HIV-infected subjects across different disease stages and HIV-negative controls.
Main Methods:
- Utilized two- and three-colour flow-cytometry for lymphocyte immunophenotyping.
- Analyzed peripheral venous blood samples from 16 HIV-infected subjects and 6 HIV-negative controls.
- Employed monoclonal antibodies against CD8, HLA-DR, and CD38 for detailed cell surface marker analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in lymphocyte populations were observed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals.
- Co-expression of HLA-DR and CD38 on CD8+ T-lymphocytes increased markedly from 8% in controls to 49% in asymptomatic HIV subjects.
- Further increases in HLA-DR+ CD38+ CD8+ cells were seen in symptomatic patients, with distinct shifts in HLA-DR and CD38 subsets in AIDS patients.
Conclusions:
- A clear stage-associated pattern of HLA-DR and CD38 expression exists on CD8+ T-lymphocytes during HIV infection.
- These distinct phenotypic patterns suggest potential functional implications in the host's immune response to HIV.
- The findings highlight the utility of these markers in monitoring HIV disease progression.
Objective:
To study the expression of the activation markers human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD38 antigen on CD8+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected subjects and HIV-negative controls.
Design:
Two- and three-colour flow-cytometric analysis.
Methods:
Fresh peripheral venous blood was obtained from 16 HIV-infected subjects, representing four different stages of HIV disease, and from six HIV-negative controls. Three-colour lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed using peridinyl chlorophyll-A protein (PerCP)-conjugated anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (MAb) in combination with anti-HLA-DR (phycoerythrin) and anti-CD38 (fluorescein isothiocyanate) MAb.
Results:
The relative percentage of the lymphocyte populations thus defined differed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects and between HIV-infected subjects at different clinical stages of disease. Simultaneous expression of HLA-DR and CD38 within the CD8 T-lymphocyte compartment increased from 8% in controls to 49% in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects (P less than 0.005). Symptomatic patients differed from asymptomatic seropositives by a further increase in the HLA-DR+ CD38+ CD8 subset. In AIDS patients, the HLA-DR+ CD38- CD8 subset decreased (P less than 0.05) and the HLA-DR- CD38+ CD8 subset increased (P less than 0.05), compared with the other HIV disease stage patients.
Conclusion:
There is a stage-associated pattern of HLA-DR and CD38 expression on CD8 T-lymphocytes during HIV infection; specific phenotypic patterns may have functional correlates in the host response to the virus.