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Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus

Masayuki Shimojima1, Takayuki Miyazawa, Yasuhiro Ikeda

  • 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 21, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) uses CD134 (OX40) as its primary receptor, unlike HIV which uses CD4. This discovery sheds light on FIV

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes an AIDS-like illness in cats.
  • Unlike human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), FIV does not utilize CD4 as its primary receptor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary cellular receptor for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).
  • To understand the mechanism of FIV entry and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of FIV viral receptor through cellular expression analysis.
  • Assessment of CD134's role in viral binding, entry, and infection.

Main Results:

  • CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen, was identified as the primary receptor for FIV.
  • CD134 expression facilitates FIV binding, entry, infection, and syncytium formation.
  • FIV infection is dependent on CXCR4, similar to X4-tropic HIV strains.

Conclusions:

  • FIV utilizes CD134 as its primary receptor, distinct from HIV's CD4 receptor.
  • Both feline and human lentiviruses target critical immune cells via specific receptor interactions.
  • This finding deepens the understanding of lentiviral entry mechanisms and host-specific tropism.

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