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Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 downregulates CD1d cell surface expression

Chadi A Hage1, Lisa L Kohli, Sungyoo Cho

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Immunology Letters
|March 26, 2005
PubMed

Insights

HIV infection significantly lowers CD1d molecule expression on monocytes, impacting immune responses. This reduction correlates with viral load, suggesting a role in HIV-related immunodeficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD1d is an MHC class I-like molecule presenting endogenous glycoplipid antigens.
  • The impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on CD1d surface expression was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of HIV infection on CD1d surface expression on monocytes.
  • To explore the relationship between CD1d expression, viral load, and HIV infection status.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis was used to quantify CD1d surface expression on CD14(+) monocytes.
  • Human cell lines were infected with different HIV strains (M-tropic, T-tropic) or exposed to HIV gp120 in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower CD1d levels were observed on monocytes from HIV-infected individuals compared to those on HAART and healthy controls.
  • CD1d expression showed an inverse correlation with viral load in HIV-infected subjects.
  • In vitro infection with HIV or exposure to gp120 downregulated CD1d surface expression on human cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection alters CD1d surface expression, leading to reduced levels on monocytes.
  • These alterations in CD1d-mediated immune responses may contribute to the generalized immunodeficiency observed in HIV patients.

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