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Updated: Jul 13, 2026
Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
Published on: November 26, 2018
[Immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features in 51 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia]
Qin-Fen Ma1, Hui-Fen Zhou, Ming-Qing Zhu
1Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, China.
Insights
This study reveals key immunophenotypic markers like CD19 and CD23 for diagnosing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Combining flow cytometry and cytogenetics aids in accurate CLL diagnosis and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B-cell malignancy.
- Accurate diagnosis and prognosis are crucial for effective patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of CLL.
- To provide evidence supporting diagnosis and therapy of CLL.
Main Methods:
- Immunophenotypic analysis using flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies and three-color immunofluorescence staining.
- Cytogenetic analysis of R-banding in 51 CLL patients.
Main Results:
- High positive rates for CD19 (96.1%) and CD23 (96.1%), CD15 (94.1%), CD20 (82.4%), CD22 (78.4%).
- CD38 positive in 23.5% of cases; 46 patients expressed both CD5 and CD19.
- Conventional cytogenetics detected clonal chromosomal abnormalities in 35.3% of cases, including +12 and 13q(-).
Conclusions:
- Typical CLL expresses CD5, CD19, and CD23.
- Conventional cytogenetics shows a low positive rate in CLL.
- Immunophenotyping combined with cytogenetics is vital for CLL diagnosis and prognosis.
Abstract:
The study was aimed to investigate the immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in order to provide an evidence for diagnosis and therapy. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and three-color immunofluorescence staining methods of flow cytometry in 51 patients with CLL, and the cytogenetic features were analyzed by R-banding technique. The results indicated that among 51 CLL cases, the positive rate of CD19 and CD23 was 96.1%, followed by CD15 (94.1%), CD20 (82.4%) and CD22 (78.4%). The positive rate of CD38 was 23.5%. Forty-six patients expressed both CD5 and CD19. Seven main clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected by conventional cytogenetics (CC) in eighteen cases (35.3%), with three cases of +12, two cases of 13q(-), other chromosomal abnormalities included +14, 6q(-), t (11; 14), t (14; 18) and t (2; 7). Expression of the antigens had no relationship with chromosomal abnormalities. It is concluded that typical CLL express CD5, CD19 and CD23, and the positive rate detected by CC in CLL is low. Immunophenotyping in combination with cytogenetic technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CLL.
