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Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. extract on murine immune response in vitro
Aurasorn Saraphanchotiwitthaya1, Kornkanok Ingkaninan, Pattana Sripalakit
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Thailand. aurasorns@nu.ac.th
Insights
Bacopa monniera extract and bacoside A show varied effects on the mouse immune system. Bacoside A enhanced immune cell proliferation, while the extract had mixed impacts, suggesting potential for immune-mediated diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Ethnobotany
Background:
- Bacopa monniera Linn. is traditionally used for cognitive enhancement.
- Its effects on the immune system are not fully understood.
- Identifying active compounds and their immunomodulatory mechanisms is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the immunomodulatory effects of Bacopa monniera extract and bacoside A on ICR mice.
- To assess the impact on splenocyte proliferation and phagocytic activity in vitro.
- To explore potential applications in human immune-mediated diseases.
Main Methods:
- In vitro assays were performed on mouse splenocytes.
- Assessed splenocyte proliferation with and without mitogens (LPS, PWM, PHA, ConA).
- Evaluated phagocytic activity via lysosomal enzyme activity.
Main Results:
- Bacopa monniera extract showed slight suppression of splenocyte proliferation and T-lymphocyte proliferation.
- Bacoside A significantly enhanced splenocyte and T-lymphocyte proliferation, especially with ConA.
- Bacopa monniera extract demonstrated a weak increase in phagocytic activity at a high concentration.
Conclusions:
- Bacoside A appears to be a key component driving the splenocyte proliferation effects of Bacopa monniera extract.
- Bacopa monniera exhibits differential immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutic potential for immune disorders.
Abstract:
The study was to investigate and compare the effects of the Bacopa monniera Linn. extract and bacoside A on the ICR mice immune system in vitro. Splenocyte proliferation without or with mitogen (lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A) and phagocytic activity were assayed. The results showed that B. monniera extract at 0.001-1 mg/mL slightly suppressed splenocyte proliferation (SI 0.7) and decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation (SI 0.4) at 0.001 and 0.1 mg/mL with concanavalin A. Bacoside A at 0.001 mg/mL gave the highest splenocyte proliferation (SI 1.5) and strongly increased T-lymphocyte proliferation (SI 2.0) at 0.1 mg/mL with concanavalin A. Thus, it is possible to attribute the effect of B. monniera extract on splenocyte proliferation to the presence of bacoside A with other combined components. However, only B. monniera extract at 10 mg/mL produced a slight increase in lysosomal enzyme activity (PI 1.2), indicating a weak effect on phagocytic activation. It might be concluded that B. monniera manifests various effects on the murine immune system depending on the immune cell types, in accordance with its folklore uses. New assays are being carried out to study its mechanisms and to further investigate its applications in the treatment of human immune mediated diseases.
