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Concurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis and nephroblastoma
Ryoko Narui1, Hiroshi Yagasaki, Yoshiyuki Takahashi
1Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Insights
This report details the first documented case of a child diagnosed with both Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and nephroblastoma simultaneously. The patient successfully recovered after treatment for both rare pediatric conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Pediatric Pathology
- Rare Diseases
Background:
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal proliferative disease of uncertain etiology.
- Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood.
- Concurrent diagnoses of LCH and nephroblastoma are exceptionally rare in pediatric patients.
Observation:
- A 2-year-old female presented with bone pain and swelling in the right humerus.
- Incisional biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).
- Staging work-up revealed an incidental finding of nephroblastoma in the left kidney.
Findings:
- The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the nephroblastoma.
- Standard chemoradiotherapy protocols were administered for the nephroblastoma.
- The patient remains disease-free and without relapse 14 months post-initial presentation.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of comprehensive staging and diagnostic work-up in pediatric patients presenting with rare conditions.
- It suggests that concurrent LCH and nephroblastoma, while rare, can be managed effectively with current treatment modalities.
- Further research may explore potential shared etiologies or management strategies for these co-occurring pediatric malignancies.
Abstract:
Both Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and nephroblastoma are rare in children. We report herein the first case of a patient with both diseases concurrently. A 2-year-old female presented with bone pain and swelling of the right humerus. As a result of the local incision biopsy, she was diagnosed as LCH. A nephroblastoma of the left kidney was discovered during her staging work-up. After complete resection of the nephroblastoma, she received standard chemoradiotherapy for nephroblastoma. She is alive without relapse 14 months after initial presentation.
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