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Immunophenotypic pattern and cytokine profiles of dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis
Simin Meymandi1, Shahriar Dabiri, Manzumeh Shamsi-Meymandi
1Department of Dermatology, Kerman Medical School, Kerman Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman, Iran. meymandi_s@hotmail.com
Insights
Immune cell cytokine profiles in dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis reveal distinct patterns. Lupoid recidivans lesions show more immune cell markers, suggesting a Th1-like response and type IV hypersensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dermatology
- Parasitology
Background:
- Dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection in Kerman Province.
- The disease presentation is influenced by cytokine profiles from immune cells.
- Immunohistochemical studies of skin biopsies aim to clarify immune cell cytokine release.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunophenotypic patterns and cytokine profiles in different lesion types of dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis.
- To elucidate the role of immune cells and their cytokine secretions in disease polarization.
Main Methods:
- Skin biopsies from acute, chronic nonlupoid, and chronic lupoid recidivans lesions were analyzed.
- Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify immune cell markers (CD4, CD8, CD14, etc.) and cytokines (INF-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, TNF-alpha).
Main Results:
- Lupoid recidivans lesions exhibited a higher frequency of CD4, CD8, CD14, CD1a, HLA-DR, CD11a, CD18, and CD54 positive cells compared to acute and chronic nonlupoid lesions.
- Immune cell markers and antigen-presenting cells were more abundant in lupoid recidivans.
Conclusions:
- A Th1-like immune response appears predominant in acute active and lupoid recidivans forms of the disease.
- A Th2-like response is suggested to be predominant in chronic nonlupoid lesions.
- Lupoid recidivans may represent a type IV hypersensitivity reaction due to reactivated antigens.
Background:
Dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, one of the most prevalent cutaneous parasitic infections in Kerman Province, is presented as a polarized disease in which cytokine profiles secreted by immune cells play a major role in its presentation. In order to clarify the idea, immunohistochemical study of skin biopsies were performed to elucidate the cytokine release capabilities of immune cells.
Methods:
Skin biopsies of acute, chronic nonlupoid, and chronic lupoid recidivans lesions of dry type localized cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied by immunohistochemical staining methods for immunophenotypic patterns (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD11a, CD18, CD1a, HLA-DR, CD54) and cytokines (INF-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, TNF-alpha) released by immune inflammatory cells.
Results:
The descriptive analysis of data showed that the mean percentage of positive immunostained cells of CD4, CD8, and CD14; antigen-presenting cells (CD1a, HLA-DR); and markers of the extravasated positive memory T cells (CD11a, CD18, CD54) are more frequent in lupoid recidivans than in acute active and chronic nonlupoid lesions, in order of frequency.
Conclusion:
Based on the results, it seems that Th1-like response is predominant in acute active form and lupoid recidivans while Th2-like response is predominant in chronic nonlupoid lesions. It seems that lupoid recidivans is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to the reactivation of hidden antigens.
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