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[IgA-lambda type myeloma complicating with autoimmune hemolytic anemia]
Insights
This case study highlights IgA (lambda) myeloma complicating autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Chemotherapy improved hemolysis, suggesting a link between IgA, C3, and red blood cell destruction.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy.
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) involves antibody-mediated red blood cell destruction.
- Co-occurrence of myeloma and AIHA is rare but reported.
Abstract:
A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with lumbago. On admission, laboratory examination revealed hemolytic anemia. Direct Coombs' test was positive, and also direct monospecific-Coombs' test by anti-C3d serum was positive. Immunoelectrophoresis showed IgA-lambda type M proteins in serum. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed increased atypical plasma cells. X-ray of skull showed punched-out lesion. From these findings, she was diagnosed as IgA (lambda) myeloma complicating with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hemolysis was improved by chemotherapy. It was thought that IgA and C3 were related well to hemolysis in this case.