Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 27, 2013

IL-1 activates two separate signal transduction pathways in T helper type II cells

E Muñoz1, U Beutner, A Zubiaga

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 1, 1990
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activates protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathways in Th 2 cells, inducing IL-5 mRNA expression. This suggests IL-1 receptor signaling activates both pathways, promoting IL-5 gene expression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key cytokine involved in immune responses.
  • T helper 2 (Th 2) cells play a crucial role in allergic inflammation and humoral immunity.
  • Understanding IL-1 signaling in Th 2 cells is vital for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the signal transduction pathways activated by IL-1 in the D10.A Th 2 cell line.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-1-induced IL-5 mRNA expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the D10.A Th 2 cell line for experimental studies.
  • Investigated protein kinase C (PKC) translocation and substrate phosphorylation.
  • Measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels.
  • Assessed interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA expression in response to IL-1, phorbol esters, and 8-Br cAMP.

Main Results:

  • IL-1 receptor engagement triggered PKC translocation and phosphorylation of its 80-kDa substrate.
  • IL-1 stimulation led to increased intracellular cAMP levels.
  • IL-1 induced significant IL-5 mRNA expression in D10.A cells.
  • IL-1 synergized with phorbol esters and was additive with 8-Br cAMP for IL-5 mRNA induction.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1 signaling in D10.A Th 2 cells activates both the protein kinase C (PKC) and adenylate cyclase pathways.
  • These pathways converge to induce the expression of IL-5 mRNA.
  • Results suggest either dual IL-1 receptor types or a single receptor coupled to both signaling cascades.

More Related Videos

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...