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Immunophenotyping of acute leukaemias by flow cytometry: a review
1Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Department of Human Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
Insights
Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for diagnosing acute leukaemias. This technique aids in classifying blood cancers and is increasingly used globally, even in resource-limited settings.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Flow cytometry is a widely adopted technique for characterizing hematologic malignancies in developed countries.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends flow cytometry for classifying tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the utility of flow cytometry in phenotyping acute leukaemias.
- To discuss the selection of monoclonal antibodies for leukemia diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted using online databases, journals, and books.
- Relevant articles and book chapters on acute leukemia immunophenotyping were selected and reviewed.
Main Results:
- Flow cytometry has significantly improved the diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies.
- Its application in leukemia diagnosis is emerging in Kenya, with ongoing research using limited antibody panels.
Conclusions:
- Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for characterizing hematologic malignancies.
- Research in Kenya aims to inform the use of flow cytometry as an ancillary diagnostic technique in resource-constrained environments.
Objective:
To provide an overview of the utility of flow cytometry for phenotyping of acute leukaemias and selection-of monoclonal antibodies.
Data Sources:
The literature review was obtained through internet, journals and chapters in the relevant books.
Data Selection:
Relevant articles and chapters on immunophenotyping of acute leukaemias were selected from respected international journals and books in the field of haematology and were reviewed.
Data Extraction And Synthesis:
Complete articles relevant to the topic were selected and reviewed and the necessary information extracted for this review.
Conclusions:
Flow cytometry has been used extensively in recent years to characterise haemopoeitic malignancies and done routinely in the developed world. This technique has greatly improved the diagnosis and classification of haemopoeitic malignancies and has been recommended by World Health Organisation classification (WHO) of tumours of haemopoeitic and lymphoid tissue. Application of flow cytometry for the diagnosis of leukaemias has been recently introduced in Kenya and is currently being undertaken in research using limited but appropriate panels of monoclonal antibodies. It is hoped that findings of this research will inform the use of flow cytometry as an ancillary diagnostic technique in our resource-constrained set up.
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