Prevalence of ZAP-70 and CD 38 in Indian chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
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1Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Insights
This study found ZAP-70 and CD 38 proteins were present in 25% and 36% of treatment-naive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients, respectively. These markers showed no correlation with clinical factors in North Indian patients.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent chronic lymphoproliferative disorder.
- Understanding prognostic markers in treatment-naive CLL is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of ZAP-70 and CD 38 expression in treatment-naive CLL patients in North India.
- To assess the correlation between ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity and clinico-hematological parameters.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to analyze ZAP-70 and CD 38 expression on peripheral blood samples from 80 CLL patients.
- Positive expression was defined as >20% for ZAP-70 and >30% for CD 38 on CLL cells.
- Clinico-hematological data, including Rai staging, were collected and correlated with marker positivity.
Main Results:
- ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity were observed in 25% and 36% of patients, respectively.
- A concordance rate of 56% was found between ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity.
- No statistically significant correlation was found between ZAP-70/CD 38 positivity and age, sex, lymphocyte count, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, or Rai stage.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of ZAP-70 and CD 38 in this North Indian cohort was 25% and 36%, with a 56% concordance rate.
- These markers did not correlate with key clinical and hematological features in the studied treatment-naive CLL population.
- The observed concordance rate is higher than reported in Western literature, warranting further investigation.
Aim Of Study:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common chronic lympho-proliferative disorder. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of ZAP-70 and CD 38 in the treatment naive patients of CLL seen at a tertiary care centre of north India.
Materials And Methods:
ZAP-70 and CD 38 were tested by flow cytometry on peripheral blood samples. ZAP-70 positive and CD 38 positivity was defined as positive expression on 20% and 30% of CLL cells, respectively. Clinico-hematological profile and its correlation with ZAP-70 and CD 38 were assessed in consecutive 80 CLL patients.
Results:
There were 64 males and median age of the group was 58 years. Sixteen patients (20%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Median total lymphocyte count (TLC) at presentation was 62 × 10 9 /L. Rai stage distribution was: Stage 0-6, stage I-20, stage II-36, stage III-5, and stage IV-13. ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity were detected in 20 patients (25%) and 29 patients (36%), respectively. Eleven patients were positive and 34 were negative for both ZAP-70 and CD 38 yielding a concordance rate of 56%. There was no statistically significant difference between ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity and negativity with regard to age, sex, Lymphocyte count, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, and Rai staging.
Conclusion:
ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity were detected 25% and 36%, respectively, with concordance rate of 56%, which is higher than Western literature. There was no correlation of ZAP-70 and CD 38 positivity with age, sex, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, and Rai staging.
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