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A Case of Cutaneous Plasmablastic Lymphoma in HIV/AIDS with Disseminated Cryptococcus

Jun Gong1, Serhan Alkan2, Sidharth Anand1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, No. 5512, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine
|December 28, 2013
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), was diagnosed in an HIV/AIDS patient with a skin mass. This highlights challenges in treating this malignancy and controlling HIV disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) predominantly affecting HIV-positive individuals.
  • PBL in HIV patients is associated with low CD4 counts, high viral loads, and chronic infection.
  • Extraoral PBL is exceptionally rare, with limited case reports in medical literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV/AIDS patient.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes for PBL in the context of HIV infection.
  • To explore potential associations between chronic inflammation from Cryptococcus and PBL development.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an HIV/AIDS patient with a cutaneous mass.
  • Biopsy and histopathological examination to diagnose plasmablastic lymphoma.
  • Review of relevant literature on PBL in HIV-positive individuals.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) over a site of prior cryptococcal infection.
  • PBL is an aggressive malignancy in HIV-positive individuals, often presenting in middle-aged males with compromised immune status.
  • Standard chemotherapy regimens like CHOP show limited efficacy, with poor overall survival rates.

Conclusions:

  • Improving clinical outcomes for PBL in HIV patients remains a significant challenge.
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy and HIV disease control are crucial for managing this malignancy.
  • A chronic inflammatory state, such as that caused by disseminated Cryptococcus, may play a role in tumorigenesis in PBL patients.

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