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Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as isolated mediastinal mass in an infant
Mohammed Ramzan1, Satya Prakash Yadav
1Pediatric Hematology Oncology and BMT Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Correspondence to: Dr Satya P Yadav, Department of Pediatrics, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. satya_1026@hotmail.com.
Insights
Isolated mediastinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare in infants. This case highlights LCH as a crucial consideration for mediastinal masses in this age group.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Histiocytosis
- Thoracic Surgery
Background:
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal proliferative disorder.
- Isolated mediastinal LCH is an uncommon presentation, posing diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- A 3-month-old infant presented with fever, cough, and respiratory distress.
- Chest X-ray revealed massive mediastinal widening.
- Histopathological examination of the mediastinal mass confirmed LCH.
Findings:
- The infant showed a positive response to the LCH III treatment protocol.
- One-year follow-up demonstrated a favorable outcome with no signs of recurrence.
Implications:
- Mediastinal masses in infants warrant a broad differential diagnosis, including LCH.
- Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of pediatric LCH are critical for favorable outcomes.
- This case underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses in pediatric respiratory symptoms.
Background:
Isolated mediastinal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been rarely reported.
Case Characteristics:
A 3-month-old boy presented with history of low grade intermittent fever, cough and noisy breathing for 2 weeks.
Observation:
A chest X-ray showed massive mediastinal widening. Biopsy of the mass confirmed LCH.
Outcome:
Patient is doing well after one year of treatment with LCH III protocol.
Message:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of mediastinal mass in infants.
