Communication, the centrosome and the immunological synapse

Jane C Stinchcombe1, Gillian M Griffiths2

  • 1Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, UK.

Insights

The centrosome

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The immunological synapse (IS) is crucial for immune cell communication.
  • Centrosome (basal body) polarization is observed in cilia and flagella.
  • Cellular communication occurs at ciliary and flagellar sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of centrosome polarization at the immunological synapse.
  • To explore parallels between centrosome behavior at the IS and in cilia/flagella.
  • To understand how centrosome polarization influences immune cell communication.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of centrosome behavior at the IS.
  • Comparative analysis of centrosome polarization in different cellular contexts.
  • Investigating signaling pathways involved in centrosome polarization.

Main Results:

  • Centrosome polarization is critical for immune cell communication at the IS.
  • Observed centrosome features at the IS resemble those in cilia and flagella.
  • Centrosome polarization influences the generation of an effective immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Centrosome polarization plays a key role in immune cell communication.
  • The IS shares features with ciliary/flagellar signaling sites.
  • Understanding centrosome behavior can lead to novel immunotherapies.

Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
6.8K
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
3.3K
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
3.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.3K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.7K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
64.3K