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An antibody reactivity-based assay for diagnosis of invasive candidiasis using protein array
A Ardizzoni1, B Posteraro2, M C Baschieri1
1Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Insights
Early diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) is crucial. A ten-protein array immunoassay detected higher IgG antibody levels against specific Candida albicans proteins in IC patients, aiding early detection and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Immunology
- Diagnostic Development
Background:
- Invasive candidiasis (IC) incidence is rising, necessitating improved diagnostic methods.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for improving patient prognosis and survival rates.
- Current diagnostic approaches for IC can be slow, delaying targeted antifungal therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a ten-protein array-based immunoassay for detecting IgG antibody responses against Candida albicans.
- To assess the diagnostic potential of specific antibody profiles for differentiating IC patients from controls.
- To explore the utility of this immunoassay as an adjunct to conventional diagnostic methods.
Main Methods:
- A microarray immunoassay was designed to measure IgG antibody levels against ten immunogenic Candida albicans proteins.
- The assay was performed on serum samples from 51 patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) and 38 culture-negative controls (non-IC).
- Antibody levels were compared between groups, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic accuracy.
Main Results:
- Antibody levels against Bgl2, Eno1, Pgk1, Als3, Hwp1, and Grp2 were generally higher than against Adh1, Pdc11, Fba1, and Hsp90 in both groups.
- Significantly higher IgG levels against Bgl2, Eno1, Pgk1, and Grp2 were observed in IC patients compared to non-IC controls.
- ROC curve analysis showed Area Under the Curve (AUC) values above 0.7 for Bgl2, Grp2, and Pgk1, indicating good discrimination between IC and non-IC patients.
Conclusions:
- The ten-protein array immunoassay demonstrates potential for early and accurate detection of invasive candidiasis.
- Specific IgG antibody responses, particularly against Bgl2, Grp2, and Pgk1, can serve as biomarkers for IC.
- This multiparametric immunoassay can complement conventional diagnostics, enabling faster initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy.
Abstract:
The increased incidence of invasive candidiasis and of patients at risk requires early diagnosis and treatment to improve prognosis and survival. The aim of this study was to set up a ten-protein array-based immunoassay to assess the IgG antibody responses against ten well-known immunogenic C. albicans proteins (Bgl2, Eno1, Pgk1, Pdc11, Fba1, Adh1, Als3, Hwp1, Hsp90 and Grp2) in 51 patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) and in 38 culture-negative controls (non-IC). Antibody levels were higher against Bgl2, Eno1, Pgk1, Als3, Hwp1 and Grp2, than against Adh1, Pdc11, Fba1 and Hsp90, irrespectively of the patient group considered. Moreover, the IgG levels against Bgl2, Eno1, Pgk1 and Grp2 were significantly higher in IC than in non-IC patients. Furthermore, the ROC curves generated by the analysis of the antibody responses against Bgl2, Grp2 and Pgk1 displayed AUC values above 0.7, thus discriminating IC and non-IC patients. According to these results, the employment of the microarray immunoassay (a rapid, sensitive and multiparametric system), in parallel with conventional diagnostics, can help to spot IC patients. This ultimately will allow to initiate an early, focused and optimized antifungal therapy.
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