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Published on: March 5, 2010
Role and regulation of CD1d in normal and pathological B cells
Mohammed S Chaudhry1, Anastasios Karadimitris2
1Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
Insights
CD1d molecules on B cells present antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, influencing immune responses. Altered CD1d expression in B cell disorders has diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Medicine
Background:
- CD1d is an MHC class I-like molecule presenting lipid antigens to invariant NKT (iNKT) cells.
- The CD1d-iNKT cell axis is crucial for regulating innate and adaptive immunity.
- B cells express CD1d, suggesting a role in antigen presentation and iNKT cell interaction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role and regulation of CD1d in normal B cells and humoral immunity.
- To discuss the significance of altered CD1d expression in B cell disorders.
- To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting the CD1d-iNKT cell axis in B cells.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature and key evidence.
- Analysis of CD1d expression in normal B cells and various B cell disorders.
- Discussion of diagnostic and prognostic implications of CD1d alterations.
Main Results:
- CD1d expression on B cells facilitates antigen presentation to iNKT cells.
- Altered CD1d expression is observed in autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and B cell neoplasms.
- CD1d modulation serves as an immune evasion mechanism and holds diagnostic/prognostic value.
Conclusions:
- The CD1d-iNKT cell axis in B cells plays a significant role in immune regulation.
- Dysregulation of CD1d in B cell disorders impacts disease pathogenesis and outcomes.
- Targeting the CD1d-iNKT cell axis presents potential therapeutic avenues for B cell-related conditions.
Abstract:
CD1d is a nonpolymorphic, MHC class I-like molecule that presents phospholipid and glycosphingolipid Ags to a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells called invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. This CD1d-iNKT cell axis regulates nearly all aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Expression of CD1d on B cells is suggestive of the ability of these cells to present Ag to, and form cognate interactions with, iNKT cells. In this article, we summarize key evidence regarding the role and regulation of CD1d in normal B cells and in humoral immunity. We then extend the discussion to B cell disorders, with emphasis on autoimmune disease, viral infection, and neoplastic transformation of B lineage cells, in which CD1d expression can be altered as a mechanism of immune evasion and can have both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Finally, we highlight current and future therapeutic strategies that aim to target the CD1d-iNKT cell axis in B cells.
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