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Cytokine expression in peri-implant crevicular fluid in relation to bacterial presence
Stefan Renvert1,2,3, Cecilia Widén1, Gösta Rutger Persson1,4,5
1Oral Health Sciences, University of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden.
Insights
Clinical inflammatory parameters, cytokine levels, and bacterial counts were assessed in peri-implant crevicular fluid from patients with untreated peri-implantitis. Higher levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were associated with bleeding and suppuration.
Area of Science:
- Oral medicine
- Periodontology
- Biomaterials science
Background:
- Peri-implantitis is a prevalent complication of dental implants.
- Inflammatory processes and specific bacterial species are implicated in peri-implantitis pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate clinical inflammatory markers, cytokine profiles, and bacterial loads in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of untreated peri-implantitis cases.
- To correlate these findings with clinical signs of inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of PICF from 41 implants in patients with untreated peri-implantitis.
- Cytokine quantification using Luminex magnet bead technology.
- Bacterial enumeration via checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.
Main Results:
- Profuse bleeding and suppuration were observed in 61% of implants.
- Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly associated with profuse bleeding.
- Increased IL-1β concentrations correlated with suppuration and the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Conclusions:
- Untreated peri-implantitis with bleeding or suppuration shows higher concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and VEGF in PICF.
- The presence of E. coli or S. epidermidis is linked to higher IL-1β levels in PICF.
Aim:
The aim was to assess clinical inflammatory parameters, cytokine levels and bacterial counts in samples from implant crevicular fluid in cases with untreated peri-implantitis.
Material And Methods:
Several bacterial species known to up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with peri-implantitis. The Luminex magnet bead technology was used to study cytokines in crevicular fluid. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method was used to study bacterial counts in samples from 41 implants (41 individuals).
Results:
Profuse bleeding and suppuration was found in 25/41 (61.0%) of the implants. The reliability of duplicate cytokine processing was high. In the presence of profuse bleeding, higher pg/ml levels of IL-1β (p = 0.02), IL-8 (p = 0.04), TNF-α (p = 0.03) and VEGF (p = 0.004) were found. Higher concentrations of IL-1β were found in the presence of suppuration, and if Escherichia coli (p = 0.001) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (p = 0.05) could be detected.
Conclusion:
Profuse bleeding and/or suppuration in untreated peri-implantitis can be associated with higher concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF in peri-implant crevicular fluid. A higher concentration of IL-1β in peri-implant crevicular fluid was found in samples that were positive for E. coli or S. epidermidis.
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