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Effector and suppressor T cells in celiac disease

Giuseppe Mazzarella1

  • 1Giuseppe Mazzarella, Immuno-Morphology Lab, Institute of Food Sciences, National Council Research, 83100 Avellino, Italy.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 4, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Celiac disease involves T cells responding to gliadin, causing inflammation. New research highlights Th17 cells as pathogenic, while regulatory T cells may control disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated condition triggered by gliadin peptides.
  • Effector CD4+ T cells, particularly Th17 cells, are implicated in CD pathogenesis through pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
  • The immune response in CD involves a complex interplay of effector and regulatory T cell subsets.

Discussion:

  • Th17 cells, characterized by high IL-17A expression, contribute to tissue injury in celiac disease.
  • The balance between pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical in CD.
  • Regulatory T cell subsets, including type 1 regulatory T cells and CD25(+)CD4(+) Tregs expressing Foxp3, are being investigated for their suppressive functions in CD.

Key Insights:

  • Gliadin peptides activate pathogenic effector T cells in celiac disease.
  • Th17 cells play a significant role in the inflammatory processes and tissue damage observed in CD.
  • Regulatory T cells, such as Foxp3+ Tregs, show potential in modulating the immune response and influencing disease progression in celiac disease.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the specific roles of Th17 and regulatory T cells could reveal new therapeutic targets for celiac disease.
  • Understanding the balance between effector and regulatory T cells is crucial for managing CD.
  • Investigating Foxp3+ regulatory T cells may lead to strategies for immune tolerance induction in celiac disease.

Keywords:
Celiac diseaseTh1 cellsTh17 cellsTreg cells

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