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Updated: Apr 7, 2026
Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
Published on: January 22, 2021
Application of flow cytometry in diagnosing lymphomas in dogs and cats
Olga Aniołek1, Zdzisław Gajewski1, Sławomir Giziński1
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Insights
Accurate lymphoma classification relies on combining cell morphology with advanced techniques like flow cytometry and PCR. This integrated approach enhances diagnostic precision for lymphoproliferative diseases.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Lymphoma classification traditionally relies on cytological and histological examinations.
- Emerging molecular and immunologic techniques offer complementary diagnostic information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of combining multiple methods for lymphoma classification.
- To improve the accuracy in diagnosing lymphoproliferative diseases.
Main Methods:
- Immunocytochemistry (ICC)
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
- Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR)
- Morphological and histological analysis
Main Results:
- No single method is completely specific or sensitive for lymphoma diagnosis.
- Combining techniques allows for detailed evaluation of cell maturity, diversification, and phenotype.
- Integrated analysis aids in distinguishing reactive changes from neoplastic processes.
Conclusions:
- A multi-method approach, integrating morphology with ICC, IHC, flow cytometry, and PCR, is crucial for accurate lymphoma classification.
- This comprehensive strategy enhances the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders, immunological deficits, and autoimmune diseases.
Abstract:
Classification of types of lymphomas is done by interpreting cell morphology results obtained in cytological and/or histological examinations. In recent years, additional methods like immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR), have been used to diagnose and classify lymphomas. Unfortunately, none of these methods is completely specific and sensitive. Thus, a combination of several diagnostic methods or use of all available techniques allows for evaluation of morphological properties of cells like their maturity and diversification. Owing to the use of sets of antibodies it is possible to identify the phenotype of hyperplastic cells as well as their origin. Combination of results obtained through phenotypical analysis with flow cytometry examination with morphological, histological and genetic testing enables a detailed analysis of, in this case, lymphoproliferative diseases including reaction changes, primary and secondary immunological deficits as well as autoimmune diseases.
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