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A lectin-based diagnostic system using circulating antibodies to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and
Yingji Jin1, Seung Cheol Kim2, Hyoung Jin Kim1
1Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
Insights
New serological tests using immunoglobulin analysis show promise for early cervical cancer and precancerous lesion (CIN I) detection. These enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs) offer potential for improved cervical cancer screening.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cervical cancer screening relies on cytology, but improved serological methods are needed.
- Immunoglobulin profiling may reveal systemic changes associated with cervical neoplasia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate serological strategies for screening cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I).
- To compare the diagnostic performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs) utilizing immunoglobulin fractions.
Main Methods:
- Immunoglobulin fractions were purified from patient sera using protein A chromatography.
- ELISAs and ELLAs were performed using protein A-immobilized microplates to capture immunoglobulins.
- Reactivity patterns were analyzed for women with normal cytology, CIN I, and cervical cancer.
Main Results:
- ELISA reactivity increased with disease severity (normal < CIN I < cancer).
- ELLA reactivity for fucosylation decreased with disease severity (normal > CIN I > cancer).
- High sensitivity and specificity were achieved in distinguishing CIN I and cervical cancer from normal cytology, with a combined logistic regression model showing 93% accuracy.
Conclusions:
- ELISAs and ELLAs demonstrate significant potential as primary screening tools for cervical cancer and CIN.
- These assays may offer new insights into systemic immunoglobulin alterations during cervical cancer progression.
- The developed serological strategies could enhance early detection and management of cervical neoplasia.
Abstract:
In the present study, we developed serological strategies using immunoglobulin fractions obtained by protein A chromatography to screen for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I). The reactivities of the immunoglobulins purified from sera of women with normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer were compared in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs). To capture the immunoglobulins, ELISAs and ELLAs were performed in protein A immobilized microplates. The reactivity of immunoglobulin in ELISA was in the increasing order normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer, while that in ELLAs for detecting fucosylation was in the decreasing order normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer. It was confirmed that women with CIN I were distinguishable from women with normal cytology or women with cervical cancer in the ELISA or the ELLA for detecting fucosylation with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Women with cervical cancer were also distinguishable from women with normal cytology with high sensitivity (ELISA: 97%, ELLA: 87%) and specificity (ELISA: 69%, ELLA: 72%). Moreover, the logistic regression model of the ELISA and the ELLA discriminated cervical cancer from normal cytology with 93% sensitivity and 93% specificity. These results indicate that the ELISAs and the ELLAs have great potential as strategies for primary screening of cervical cancer and CIN. It is expected that the ELISA and the ELLA can provide new insights to understand systemic changes of serum immunoglobulins during cervical cancer progression.
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