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Comprehensive Immunohistochemistry: Digital, Analytical and Integrated
Insights
This study proposes a comprehensive immunohistochemistry (IHC) roadmap to bridge the gap between conventional and next-generation IHC. Digital technologies will enhance protein detection accuracy and spatial analysis for better biomarker evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Pathology
- Biomarker Discovery
- Digital Pathology
Background:
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for diagnosing and predicting disease outcomes.
- Conventional IHC relies on subjective visual evaluation, limiting accuracy and reproducibility for prognostic biomarkers.
- There's a growing need for objective spatial analysis of biomarker expression and integrated biomarker approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline a roadmap for comprehensive immunohistochemistry (IHC) development.
- To address the limitations of conventional IHC through digital technologies.
- To integrate advanced IHC into pathology workflows for enhanced biomarker analysis.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging digital technologies for quantification, spatial analysis, and multiparametric analytics in IHC.
- Developing a multistep process for comprehensive IHC implementation.
- Integrating comprehensive IHC into existing pathology information systems.
Main Results:
- A proposed roadmap for advancing IHC from conventional to next-generation approaches.
- Highlighting the potential of digital IHC for high-throughput, quantitative, and spatial protein expression data.
- Demonstrating how comprehensive IHC can fill the gap between current and future IHC capabilities.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive IHC, powered by digital technologies, offers a path to overcome conventional IHC limitations.
- This approach enables accurate, reproducible, and spatially resolved biomarker measurement.
- The proposed roadmap facilitates the evolution of IHC towards next-generation tissue proteomics.
Abstract:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used in contemporary pathology as a diagnostic and, increasingly, as a prognostic and predictive tool. The main value of the method today comes from a sensitive and specific detection of a protein of interest in the context of tissue architecture and cell populations. One of the major limitations of conventional IHC is related to the fact that the results are usually obtained by visual qualitative or semiquantitative evaluation. While this is sufficient for diagnostic purposes, measurement of prognostic and predictive biomarkers requires better accuracy and reproducibility. Also, objective evaluation of the spatial heterogeneity of biomarker expression as well as the development of combined/integrated biomarkers are in great demand. On the other end of the scale, the rapid development of tissue proteomics accounting for 2D spatial aspects has led to a disruptive concept of next-generation IHC, promising high multiplexing and broad dynamic range quantitative/spatial data on tissue protein expression. This 'evolutionary gap' between conventional and next-generation IHC can be filled by comprehensive IHC based on digital technologies (empowered by quantification and spatial and multiparametric analytics) and integrated into the pathology workflow and information systems. In this paper, we share our perspectives on a comprehensive IHC road map as a multistep development process.
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