Microglia

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Central Nervous System (CNS) Biology
• Myeloid Cell Biology

Background:

• The concept of immunological privilege in the CNS has evolved significantly.
• Historically, the presence of myeloid cells in the CNS was debated.
• Current understanding confirms myeloid cell populations within specialized CNS compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge of myeloid cell populations in the CNS.
• To highlight the phenotype and function of microglia.
• To discuss the role of myeloid cells in CNS homeostasis and pathology, particularly chronic neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of myeloid cell populations in the CNS.
• Analysis of microglia phenotype and function.
• Examination of myeloid cell roles in CNS health and disease.

Main Results:

• The CNS harbors diverse myeloid cell populations, including microglia.
• There is a continuous, bidirectional communication between the CNS and the immune system.
• Microglia are key players in CNS homeostasis and are implicated in chronic neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

• Myeloid cells, especially microglia, are integral components of the CNS.
• These cells actively participate in CNS immune surveillance and regulation.
• Understanding myeloid cell function is crucial for addressing CNS pathologies like neurodegeneration.