THE CD 10 MARKER IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Harsh Kumar1, Rajat Kumar2, R Ranga Rao3
1Classified Specialist (Pathology), Transfusion Centre (Eastern Command), Calcutta.
Insights
CD 10 marker detection in Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) indicates a favorable prognosis. This study highlights the importance of CD 10 immunophenotyping for better ALL case management, despite resource limitations.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Immunophenotyping is crucial for leukemia diagnosis and management.
- The CD 10 marker on leukaemic cells is a key indicator in Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL).
- CD 10 positive ALL is historically linked to a more favorable prognosis than CD 10 negative ALL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of CD 10 marker detection in ALL management.
- To assess the prognostic significance of CD 10 positivity in ALL cases.
- To explore the feasibility of using a limited monoclonal antibody panel for immunophenotyping.
Main Methods:
- A study was conducted on 25 cases of ALL.
- Immunophenotyping was performed with a focus on the CD 10 marker.
- Monoclonal antibodies (MO ABS) were used, prioritizing cost-effectiveness.
Main Results:
- 17 out of 25 ALL cases (68%) were positive for the CD 10 marker.
- CD 10 positive ALL cases demonstrated a favorable prognosis compared to CD 10 negative cases.
- Romanowsky stained smear analysis remains fundamental for ALL diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- CD 10 marker detection is valuable for predicting prognosis in ALL.
- Immunophenotyping, even with a limited panel, improves ALL case management.
- The study underscores the clinical significance of CD 10 in ALL, supporting its use despite resource constraints.
Abstract:
Immunophenotyping of leukaemias is presently well established. It is invaluable for proper case management [1]. The most useful information on the management of cases of Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) is provided by the detection of the CD 10 marker on the leukaemic cell. The CD 10 positive ALL has since long been associated with a favourable prognosis as compared to the CD 10 negative ALL [1, 2]. As immunophenotyping is resource intensive, the monoclonal antibodies (MO ABS), are not in widespread use in our country. The expenses involved make this procedure prohibitive in most institutions. For this reason, a limited panel of MO ABS has been used in this study, with a special emphasis on the CD 10 marker. A total of 25 cases of ALL were studied. 17 cases were found to be positive for the CD 10 marker (68%). These cases were associated with a favourable prognosis as compared to the CD 10 negative group. Although, the diagnosis of ALL and leukaemias in general, is essentially based on the study of Romanowsky stained smears [3, 4], the additional information provided by the cell surface marker study results in better case management [1].
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