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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
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Clinically HIV but negative serology: Think of idiopathic CD4(+) lymphocytopenia

Vidya Sanjay Nagar1, Rahul Kadu1, Shamshersingh Gajendra Chauhan1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|July 9, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Idiopathic CD4(+) lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare condition causing low CD4 cells without HIV. This case highlights opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia as key indicators of ICL.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Idiopathic CD4(+) lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by low CD4(+) T-cell counts.
  • ICL is distinct from HIV infection, presenting without a known cause for lymphocyte depletion.

Observation:

  • The study describes a middle-aged male patient diagnosed with ICL.
  • The patient presented with opportunistic infections, specifically Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and oral candidiasis.

Findings:

  • The diagnosis of ICL was established based on persistent depletion of CD4(+) T-cells.
  • Opportunistic infections served as the presenting signs leading to the ICL diagnosis in this case.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering ICL in patients with unexplained opportunistic infections.
  • Early recognition of ICL is crucial for managing associated infections and potential complications.

Keywords:
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoniaidiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopeniaimmunosuppressed state

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