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Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting as Intracerebral Granulocytic Sarcoma
E Dhandapani1, Thirumavalavan2, Sowrirajan3
1Prof. of Medicine.
Insights
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can rarely manifest as intracranial granulocytic sarcoma, presenting as stroke-like symptoms without bleeding. This case highlights an unusual presentation of AML affecting the brain parenchyma.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically presents as meningeal disease.
- Granulocytic sarcoma, also known as chloroma or extramedullary myeloblastoma, represents a rare extramedullary manifestation of AML.
Observation:
- This report details a unique case of an intracranial, intra-parenchymal granulocytic sarcoma.
- The patient presented with acute hemiplegia, mimicking a stroke.
Findings:
- The granulocytic sarcoma was located within the brain parenchyma.
- Crucially, the presentation occurred without evidence of cerebral hemorrhage, distinguishing it from more common hemorrhagic presentations of granulocytic sarcoma.
Implications:
- This case underscores the diverse neurological presentations of AML.
- Recognizing granulocytic sarcoma as a cause of focal neurological deficits, even without hemorrhage, is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment of AML.
Abstract:
The CNS involvement of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is more commonly manifest as meningeal involvement. Rarely it may present as intravascular tumor aggregates called granulocytic sarcoma which presents as intracranial hemorrhage. We are presenting a case of intracranial, intra-parenchymal granulocytic sarcoma (other names: chloroma, extramedullary myeloblastoma), presenting as acute hemiplegia without cerebral hemorrhage.
