Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Area of Science:

• Medical Pathology
• Immunohistochemistry
• Rare Diseases

Background:

• Recurrent neck swellings can indicate various underlying pathologies.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management.

Observation:

• A young male presented with recurrent cervical lymphadenopathy.
• Initial investigations revealed elevated leukocyte count and non-caseating granulomas on ultrasound-guided biopsy.
• Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed characteristic histiocytic and lymphophagocytic features.

Findings:

• Immunohistochemistry confirmed histiocytic markers (CD68) and proliferation index (Ki-67).
• CD25 expression was also noted on histiocytes.
• The findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman Disease.

Implications:

• This case highlights the diagnostic utility of FNAC and immunohistochemistry in Rosai-Dorfman Disease.
• Supportive treatment alone may be sufficient for managing this rare condition.
• Further research into optimal therapeutic strategies for Rosai-Dorfman Disease is warranted.