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Diagnosing neuroleukemiosis: Is there a role for 18F-FDG-PET/CT?

A Sabaté-Llobera1, M Cortés-Romera1, E Gamundí-Grimalt2

  • 1PET Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine - IDI, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

Revista Espanola De Medicina Nuclear E Imagen Molecular
|May 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

This case study highlights how 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging detected meningeal spread in a patient with a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The scan revealed hypermetabolism in nerve roots, confirming leptomeningeal disease reactivation.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • A patient with a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in remission was evaluated for suspected paraneoplastic syndrome.
  • Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-FDG was performed for diagnostic imaging.

Observation:

  • The 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan showed increased metabolic activity (hypermetabolism) in numerous nerve roots.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings were consistent with the PET/CT observations.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis confirmed leptomeningeal relapse of AML.

Findings:

  • 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging identified extensive meningeal involvement suggestive of leukemia spread.
  • The findings indicated a leptomeningeal reactivation of AML, despite prior complete remission.

Implications:

  • 18F-FDG-PET/CT serves as a valuable noninvasive tool for detecting extramedullary leukemia.
  • This imaging modality offers an alternative for patients unable to undergo MRI scans.
  • The study underscores the utility of PET/CT in diagnosing and monitoring leukemia complications.

Keywords:
Acute myeloid leukemiaFDGLeucemia mieloide agudaMeningeal relapseNeuroleucemiosisNeuroleukemiosisPET/CTPET/TCRecidiva meníngea

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