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A case of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy developing during treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex

Yumie Yamanaka1,2, Akimasa Sekine1, Hideaki Yamakawa1,2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan.

Clinical Case Reports
|July 7, 2017
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in an immunocompetent patient showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy during treatment. This suggests Propionibacterium acnes may contribute to sarcoidosis in MAC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections typically affect immunocompromised individuals.
  • Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by granulomas, often affecting the lungs and lymph nodes.

Observation:

  • A rare case of MAC disease in an immunocompetent patient is presented.
  • Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy emerged during anti-MAC therapy.

Findings:

  • The presence of Propionibacterium acnes was noted in the patient.
  • This suggests P. acnes may play a role in sarcoidosis development, even in the context of MAC infection.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of potential etiologies for sarcoidosis.
  • It highlights the need to consider co-infections or secondary bacterial involvement in complex pulmonary presentations.
  • Further research into the role of P. acnes in inflammatory lung diseases is warranted.

Keywords:
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathyMycobacterium avium complexPropionibacterium acnesSarcoidosis

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