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Published on: March 5, 2019
Immunophenotyping by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry
Weina Chen1, Hung S Luu2,3
1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA. Weina.Chen@utsouthwestern.edu.
Insights
Multiparameter flow cytometry is crucial for diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This technique identifies unique immunophenotypic abnormalities in leukemic cells for classification and prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Multiparameter flow cytometry is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis.
- It detects immunophenotypic abnormalities in leukemic cell subpopulations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline procedures for AML immunophenotyping.
- To describe data analysis strategies for AML diagnosis and monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Specimen processing and staining protocols.
- Immunophenotyping using multiparameter flow cytometry.
- Data analysis strategies for AML classification.
Main Results:
- Immunophenotypic profiles serve as a "fingerprint" for AML.
- Abnormalities help determine blast immaturity, lineage, and genetic factors.
- Established profiles are vital for assessing residual disease.
Conclusions:
- Flow cytometry is indispensable for AML diagnosis and classification.
- Immunophenotyping aids in predicting prognosis and monitoring treatment response.
Abstract:
Multiparameter flow cytometry has become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The basic method relies on the unique ability to detect immunophenotypic abnormalities on discrete subpopulations. The primary roles in the initial assessment of AML are to determine the immaturity of the leukemic population, define the lineage and the immunophenotypic aberrancies in blasts, and identify characteristic immunophenotypic features to predict important recurrent cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities and prognosis. The established immunophenotypic profile, a baseline "fingerprint," is used for follow-up assessment of residual disease. This chapter provides an overview of procedures for specimen processing, staining, and immunophenotyping of AML and describes our strategy for data analysis supplemented with illustrative case examples.
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