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Detection of intracellular IgD using flow cytometry could be a novel and supplementary method to diagnose IgD

Wei Wang1, Chun-Xia Zhang1, Zhen-Ling Li1

  • 1Hematology Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ying-Hua-Yuan East Street, No. 2, Beijing, 100029, China.

BMC Cancer
|June 13, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Detecting cytoplasmic immunoglobulin D (IgD) via flow cytometry is a sensitive and convenient supplemental method for diagnosing IgD multiple myeloma (MM). This technique aids in identifying specific subtypes of this plasma cell disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with diverse subtypes.
  • Accurate diagnosis of IgD multiple myeloma (MM) is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Current diagnostic methods may require supplemental approaches for specific MM subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of detecting cytoplasmic immunoglobulin D (IgD) heavy chains using flow cytometry.
  • To determine if this method can serve as a supplemental diagnostic tool for IgD MM.
  • To assess the sensitivity and convenience of this flow cytometry-based approach.

Main Methods:

  • Bone marrow samples from 35 MM patients were analyzed.
  • Flow cytometry was employed to detect cytoplasmic immunoglobulin heavy chains (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD).
  • Samples included 5 IgD MM, 9 IgG MM, 10 IgA MM, 1 IgM MM, 9 light chain MM, and 1 non-secretory MM.

Main Results:

  • All 5 IgD MM patients showed positive results for cytoplasmic IgD.
  • The percentage of IgD-positive MM cells ranged from 0.4% to 12.9%.
  • Other heavy chain subtypes (IgG, IgA, IgM) were detected in their respective MM subtypes, with no heavy chain detected in light chain or non-secretory MM.

Conclusions:

  • Flow cytometry detection of cytoplasmic IgD is a practical and sensitive method.
  • This technique can be used as a supplemental tool for diagnosing IgD multiple myeloma.
  • The findings support the integration of this method into diagnostic workflows for MM.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cytoplasmic IgDDiagnosisFlow cytometryIgDMultiple myeloma

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