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Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 in renal disease

Rafael N Moresco1, Guilherme V Bochi2, Carolina S Stein1

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|September 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a promising biomarker for detecting tubular injury in kidney diseases. Elevated urinary KIM-1 levels correlate with disease severity, offering a sensitive alternative to current markers.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in renal tubular injury.
  • Current biomarkers like serum creatinine and urinary albumin have limitations in early renal function assessment.
  • Tubular injury often precedes glomerular damage in kidney disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological mechanisms of KIM-1.
  • To present clinical evidence linking urinary KIM-1 to major renal diseases.
  • To highlight KIM-1 as a potential non-invasive biomarker for early detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological mechanisms of KIM-1.
  • Synthesis of clinical studies investigating urinary KIM-1 levels.
  • Analysis of associations between KIM-1 and various kidney diseases.

Main Results:

  • Urinary KIM-1 levels rise rapidly following tubular injury.
  • KIM-1 levels correlate with the extent of tubular injury, fibrosis, and inflammation.
  • Elevated KIM-1 is associated with chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and IgA nephropathy.

Conclusions:

  • KIM-1 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for tubular injury.
  • Urinary KIM-1 offers advantages over traditional biomarkers for early disease detection.
  • Further research into KIM-1's clinical utility in nephrology is warranted.

Keywords:
BiomarkerKidneyTubular injuryUrine

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