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Phenotypic Analysis of CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, and Breg Cells in Adult Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients

Sait Yesillik1, Sudhanshu Agrawal1, Sastry V Gollapudi1

  • 1Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|July 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Regulatory lymphocytes, including CD4+ T regulatory cells (Treg) and CD8+ Treg, are reduced in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). This finding suggests a role for these cells in CVID pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory lymphocytes, such as CD4+ T regulatory cells (Treg), CD8+ Treg, and B regulatory cells (Breg), are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance.
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and a higher incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
  • While CD4+ Treg abnormalities are known in CVID, the status of CD8+ Treg cells remains largely uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proportions of CD4+ Treg and CD8+ Treg cells in patients diagnosed with CVID.
  • To compare the levels of natural and induced regulatory T cells (Treg) and B regulatory cells (Breg) between CVID patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was employed to analyze regulatory lymphocyte populations in 25 CVID patients and age-matched healthy controls.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for natural (nCD4+ Treg, nCD8+ Treg) and induced (iCD4+ Treg, iCD8+ Treg) Treg cells, as well as Breg cells, after in vitro activation.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower proportions of natural CD4+ Treg (nCD4+ Treg) and induced CD4+ Treg (iCD4+ Treg) were observed in CVID patients compared to controls.
  • Patients with CVID also exhibited significantly reduced levels of induced CD8+ Treg (iCD8+ Treg) and B regulatory cells (Breg).

Conclusions:

  • The study identified significant reductions in multiple regulatory lymphocyte subsets in CVID patients.
  • These alterations in regulatory lymphocytes may contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmunity observed in CVID.
Abstract

Keywords:
B regulatory cellsCD4 T regulatory cellsCD8 T regulatory cellsCommon variable immunodeficiency

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