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Association between bovine leukemia virus proviral load and severity of clinical mastitis

Aiko Watanabe1,2, Hironobu Murakami1, Seiichi Kakinuma2

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|August 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, particularly high proviral load, is linked to increased clinical mastitis severity. BLV infection also impairs natural immunity in the mammary gland, with lingual antimicrobial peptide levels correlating with BLV proviral load.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Bovine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a significant pathogen affecting cattle globally.
  • Mastitis remains a major concern in dairy herds, impacting animal health and milk production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on natural immunity within the bovine mammary gland.
  • To determine the relationship between BLV infection and the severity of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Main Methods:

  • Milk samples from clinical mastitic cows were analyzed for BLV status and proviral load (PVL).
  • Clinical mastitis severity was categorized (MILD, MODERATE, SEVERE).
  • Logistic regression models assessed correlations between host/environmental factors, PVL, and mastitis severity, including natural immunity markers like lactoferrin and lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP).

Main Results:

  • BLV proviral load (PVL) and season were significantly correlated with clinical mastitis severity.
  • Cows with high BLV PVL exhibited decreased natural immunity in mammary secretions.
  • LAP concentration in milk showed a significant negative correlation with BLV PVL.

Conclusions:

  • BLV PVL and season are key factors associated with clinical mastitis severity in dairy cattle.
  • Higher BLV PVL is linked to compromised mammary gland immune function, specifically reduced LAP levels.
  • These findings highlight the detrimental effects of BLV on bovine mammary health and immunity.

Keywords:
bovine leukemia virusclinical mastitislingual antimicrobial peptideproviral loadseverity

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