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Immunophenotyping of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Pallavi Kanwar Galera1, Chunjie Jiang2, Raul Braylan2
1Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. kanwar.p23@gmail.com.
Insights
Multiparameter flow cytometry rapidly characterizes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts in blood and bone marrow. This technique aids in diagnosis, prognosis, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Multiparameter flow cytometry is a rapid and efficient technique for assessing cell properties.
- It simultaneously analyzes cell size, internal complexity, and antigen expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of immunophenotyping procedures for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- To describe data analysis principles for AML classification and minimal residual disease (MRD) testing.
Main Methods:
- Specimen processing and staining protocols for flow cytometry.
- Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples.
- Data analysis for cell characterization and antigen expression.
Main Results:
- Flow cytometry enables rapid characterization of leukemic blasts.
- The technique is crucial for AML classification and diagnosis.
- It is valuable for monitoring disease progression and MRD.
Conclusions:
- Multiparameter flow cytometry is essential for acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis and management.
- This method facilitates accurate classification and prognosis assessment.
- It plays a key role in MRD testing for effective disease monitoring.
Abstract:
Immunophenotyping by multiparameter flow cytometry is a rapid and efficient technique to simultaneously assess and correlate multiple individual cell properties like size and internal complexity along with antigen expression in a population of cells. This method is utilized for rapid characterization of the blasts and classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in both the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). This technique is not only useful in the initial diagnosis but also in monitoring and determining prognosis of the disease through minimal residual disease (MRD) testing. This chapter provides an overview of procedures for specimen processing, staining, and immunophenotyping of AML and describes the principles of data analysis for AML classification and MRD testing.
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